The Lake Urmia Basin is a unique and historically important region located in northwest Iran. It encompasses Lake Urmia, the largest saltwater lake in the Middle East, and its surrounding wetlands, rivers, and diverse ecosystems. The basin has a rich cultural and historical heritage, with archaeological sites dating back thousands of years. In recent years, Lake Urmia has been experiencing a drastic decline in water levels due to a combination of environmental factors, including climate change, increased water usage for agriculture, and dam construction. This has led to ecological and environmental challenges, such as loss of biodiversity, water pollution, and land degradation. Researchers studying the Lake Urmia Basin are focused on understanding the complex interactions between natural and human-induced factors affecting the region's ecosystems and water resources. They are working towards developing sustainable management strategies to address the environmental issues facing the area and safeguard its unique biodiversity and cultural heritage for future generations.